Purpose Clauses
A purpose clause explains the goal or intention of an action.
Londinium ivi ut reginam viderem.
I went to London to see the Queen.
A purpose clause is introduced by ut and the verb is in the imperfect subjunctive.
There are other ways to translate a purpose clause:
I went to London in order to see the Queen.
I went to London so that I might/would see the Queen.
A negative purpose clause is introduced by ne.
pugnabamus ne vinceremur.
We fought so that we were not defeated.
A purpose clause can also be formed using ad with the gerundive.
Ex. A
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Choose whether the purpose clause should start with ut or ne.
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Exercise A
Choose ut or ne to introduce the purpose clause.
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1. We advanced to the top of the mountain to see the sea.
ad summum montem processimus (ut) mare videremus.
2. The enemy returned to camp in order not to fight.
hostes ad castra regressi sunt (ne) pugnarent.
3. We were sent to ask for peace.
missi sumus (ut) pacem rogaremus.
4. We praised the good boys so that they did more good things.
bonos pueros laudavimus (ut) plura bona facerent.
5. They travelled quickly so that their wives would not discover their plans.
celeriter iter fecerunt (ne) uxores consilia cognoscerent.
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Ex. B
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Fill in the missing letters to complete the translation.
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Exercise B
Choose ut or ne, and type the verb.
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1. I went to the city to buy food.
ad urbem ii (ut) cibum (emerem).
2. We returned home to see mother and father.
domum rediimus (ut) patrem matremque (videremus).
3. The slave hid money under the ground so that it would not be taken by the master.
servus pecuniam sub terra celavit (ne) a domino (caperetur).
4. The citizens hurried through the streets of the city to hear the words of the senators.
cives per vias urbis festinaverunt (ut) verba senatorum (audirent).
5. The guards were talking to each other so that they would not sleep.
custodes inter se loquebantur (ne) (dormirent).
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Ex. C
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Translate purpose clauses from English into Latin.
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Exercise C
Complete all the words to translate the sentence into Latin.
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1. The girls were staying in the street to greet their fathers.
p (uellae) i (n) v (ia) m (anebant) (ut) p (atres)
s (alutarent).
2. The king sent messengers to ask for peace.
r (ex) n (untios) m (isit, ittebat) (ut) p (acem) p (eterent).
3. We travelled to Rome to see the temples.
R (omam) i (ter) f (ecimus, aciebamus) (ut) t (empla) v (ideremus).
4. The teacher taught the children so that they would know about many things.
m (agister) l (iberos) d (ocebat, ocuit) (ut) d (e) m (ultis) r (ebus)
s (cirent).
5. We were sailing as quickly as possible so that we were not caught by the enemy.
q (uam) c (elerrime) n (avigabamus) (ne) a (b) h (ostibus)
c (aperemur).
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dux trans montes transibat ut Romam oppugnaret.
