2nd Declension
The 2nd Declension contains a mix of masculine and neuter nouns.
Masculine nouns end in –us, except puer (boy), ager (field) and vir (man). Decline these as if they were puer-us, agr-us and vir-us respectively.
Neuter nouns end in –um in the nominative singular. They decline in the same way as masculine nouns, just with the two neuter rules applied (i.e. nom. = acc.; nom. & acc. pl. end in –a.)
The vocative singular changes from –us to –e, e.g. serve! (“O slave!”), and from –ius to –i, e.g. gladi! (“O sword!”).
liberi (children), castra (camp) and arma (weapons) only have plural forms. Note that castra (literally “forts”) is translated as a singular noun.
deus (god) has the alternative forms di (nom. + voc. pl.), deum (gen. pl.) and dis (dat. + abl. pl.).
servus
singular | plural | |
nom. | servus | servi |
acc. | servum | servos |
gen. | servi | servorum |
dat. | servo | servis |
abl. | servo | servis |
bellum
singular | plural | |
nom. | bellum | bella |
acc. | bellum | bella |
gen. | belli | bellorum |
dat. | bello | bellis |
abl. | bello | bellis |
ager
singular | plural | |
nom. | ager | agri |
acc. | agrum | agros |
gen. | agri | agrorum |
dat. | agro | agris |
abl. | agro | agris |
puer
singular | plural | |
nom. | puer | pueri |
acc. | puerum | pueros |
gen. | pueri | puerorum |
dat. | puero | pueris |
abl. | puero | pueris |
deus
singular | plural | |
nom. | deus | dei (or di) |
acc. | deum | deos |
gen. | dei | deorum (or deum) |
dat. | deo | deis (or dis) |
abl. | deo | deis (or dis) |
2nd Declension Nouns for GCSE
Quizlet
Practise with the 2nd Declension Nouns which are on the OCR GCSE (DVL) word list.
List
There are 41 2nd Declension nouns to learn for the OCR GCSE Latin Language paper (J282/01):
Latin | Genitive | English | Gender |
---|---|---|---|
arma | armorum (pl.) | arms, weapons | neuter |
auxilium | auxilii | help | neuter |
bellum | belli | war | neuter |
caelum | caeli | sky, heaven | neuter |
castra | castrorum (pl.) | camp | neuter |
consilium | consilii | plan, idea, advice | neuter |
donum | doni | gift, present | neuter |
forum | fori | forum, market place | neuter |
gaudium | gaudii | joy, pleasure | neuter |
imperium | imperii | command, power, empire | neuter |
periculum | periculi | danger | neuter |
praemium | praemii | prize, reward, profit | neuter |
proelium | proelii | battle | neuter |
regnum | regni | kingdom | neuter |
templum | templi | temple | neuter |
verbum | verbi | word | neuter |
vinum | vini | wine | neuter |
ager | agri | field | masc. |
amicus | amici | friend | masc. |
animus | animi | spirit, soul, mind | masc. |
annus | anni | year | masc. |
captivus | captivi | captive, prisoner | masc. |
cibus | cibi | food | masc. |
deus | dei | god | masc. |
dominus | domini | master | masc. |
equus | equi | horse | masc. |
filius | filii | son | masc. |
gladius | gladii | sword | masc. |
hortus | horti | garden | masc. |
inimicus | inimici | enemy | masc. |
liber | libri | book | masc. |
liberi | liberorum (pl.) | children | masc. |
libertus | liberti | freedman, ex-slave | masc. |
locus | loci | place | masc. |
maritus | mariti | husband | masc. |
modus | modi | manner, way, kind | masc. |
murus | muri | wall | masc. |
nuntius | nuntii | messenger, message, news | masc. |
puer | pueri | boy | masc. |
servus | servi | slave | masc. |
vir | viri | man | masc. |