Verbs
A verb expresses an action or state.
Latin verbs change their endings according to mood, voice, tense, person and number.
Verbs are grouped according to the forms of these changes. A verb group is called a conjugation. There are four main conjugations (1st-4th) and a pseudo-conjugation (sometimes called “5th,” “mixed” or “3rd/4th”). Verbs which fit into one of these conjugations are called regular verbs.
There are a small number of irregular verbs in Latin. The forms of these verbs need to be known especially well, since they appear frequently.
Verb Properties
| Mood: | indicative |
| subjunctive | |
| imperative | |
| Voice: | active |
| passive | |
| Tense: | present |
| future | |
| imperfect | |
| perfect | |
| pluperfect | |
| Person: | 1st |
| 2nd | |
| 3rd | |
| Number: | singular |
| plural |
Verbals
Verbals are nouns and adjectives derived from verbs. They can have some properties of a verb (e.g. tense and voice) but are not constrained by person or mood (and so are also known as non-finite verbs).
| Verbal: | infinitive | (noun) |
| participle | (adjective) | |
| gerundive | (adjective) |
