There are three degrees of comparison for adjectives and adverbs: positive, comparative and superlative.
Here is how this works in English:
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
Adjective |
happy |
happier/more |
happiest/very happy |
Adverb |
happily |
more happily |
most/very happily |
Here is the equivalent in Latin:
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
Adjective |
laetus-a-um |
laetior |
laetissimus-a-um |
Adverb |
laete |
laetius |
laetissime |
NB
Adjectives which end in “-r” form their superlatives by adding “-rimus”, e.g. celer (fast),celerrimus (very fast).
Adjectives which end in “-ilis” end their superlatives with “-illimus”, e.g. difficilis (difficult),difficillimus (very difficult).
quam + superlative adverb = “as …. as possible”, e.g. quam celerrime = “as quickly as possible”
Irregular Forms
Note the following irregular forms:
Adjectives
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
good |
bonus-a-um |
melior |
optimus-a-um |
bad, wicked |
malus-a-um |
peior |
pessimus-a-um |
big, large, great |
magnus-a-um |
maior |
maximus-a-um |
small |
parvus-a-um |
minor |
minimus-a-um |
much |
multus-a-um |
plus |
plurimus-a-um |
many |
multi-ae-a |
plures-a |
plurimi-ae-a |
Adverbs
Positive |
Comparative |
Superlative |
|
well |
bene |
melius |
optime |
badly, wickedly |
male |
peius |
pessime |
greatly |
magnopere |
magis |
maxime |